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linux下如何安装oracle 11g数据库?

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linux下如何安装oracle 11g数据库?下面本篇文章给大家介绍一下linux下安装和配置oracle 11g数据库
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linux下命令行安装oracle 11g数据库
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1、准备:

本次安装的基本环境:vmware中安装centos6.10(虚拟机安装这里就不做介绍了)

虚拟机要求:内存推荐2G以上

需要下载Linux版本下对应的oracle安装包:

下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

对应的oracle版本:

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

课程推荐:《linux课程》

2、机器基础配置修改

1)设置系统:Oracle只支持操作系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat

[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release  #CentOS release 6.10 (Final)Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

(2)机器信息关闭,selinux,防火墙的不必要的服务

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config         //selinux关闭(disabled)# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.SELINUX=disabled# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted[root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop        //防火墙关闭[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.152.130   Oracle          //新增行:IP 机器名(这是我的ip和主机名)

(3)修改用户的限制文件

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf//在该文件内添加以下内容oracle           soft    nproc           2047oracle           hard    nproc           16384oracle           soft    nofile          1024oracle           hard    nofile          65536oracle           soft    stack           10240

(4)修改内核参数

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf		//在文件中添加以下内容net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 10523004 kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576[root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p				// 执行这条语句使配置生效

(5)依赖包安装

[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp

3、建立用户、组,安装目录

(1)建立用户、组

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper[root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle[root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle[root@Oracle ~]# id oracle		//查看用户所属组uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

(2)新建安装目录

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory[root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app

(3)设置并刷新环境变量

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile   //给该文件添加以下内容umask 022export ORACLE_BASE=/var/appexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=ora11gexport PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib[root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile		//执行该句使配置生效

4、安装Oracle

(1)拷贝Oracle安装文件到指定目录

[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/

(2)切换到oracle用户,解压安装包

[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压后得到database目录,其中response目录里面有三个rsp文件,用来作为静默安装时应答文件的模板。分别为:

[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -ltotal 76-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug  8 17:10 dbca.rsp      //安装应答-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug  8 14:23 db_install.rsp      //创建数据库应答-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall  5740 Feb 26  2009 netca.rsp //建立监听,本地服务名等网络设置

(5)修改配置文件,安装Oracle数据库

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/           //备份

(6)修改后的静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp内容如下:

[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$'oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYORACLE_HOSTNAME=dbUNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstallINVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CNORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracleoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=falseoracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSEoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11goracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11goracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=trueoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=falseoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=trueoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracleoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROLoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=falseoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=falseoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGEoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=truePROXY_HOST=PROXY_PORT=PROXY_USER=PROXY_PWD=

(7)开始静默安装

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database[oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

(8)查看安装进度

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs[oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log

(9)当出现以下信息时

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shvar/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.shTo execute the configuration scripts:	1. Open a terminal window	2. Log in  as "root"	3. Run the scripts	4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continueSuccessfully Setup Software.

打开新的客户端使用root身份执行以下脚本

[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

(10)执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter继续。

5、配置Oracle监听

(1)运行监听文件

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response[oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

运行成功之后,在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目录下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ lslistener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora

执行以下命令查看监听器是否已经在1521端口上开始工作了

[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521tcp        0      0 :::1521     :::*        LISTEN      1792/tnslsnr

如果监听没有启动,则手动启动监听器

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

(2)配置Oracle数据库

[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd/var/app/oracle/database/response[oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rspGDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"     //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名SID="ora11g"    //149行 SIDSYSPASSWORD = "oracle"    //190行SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"   //200行CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码

(3)创建数据库

[oracle@Oracle ~]$  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、启动数据库

进入Oracle SQL命令行

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> startupORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

启动时会出现以上错误,解决方法如下:找到init.ora.78201817526文件,将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora           //定位寻找目标文件/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526               //目标文件/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora[oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ lsinit.ora.78201817526[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526  /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/[oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora    //将目标文件改成所需文件名

进入到Oracle SQL命令行中,执行startup

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> startup         //启动数据库实例ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  839282688 bytesFixed Size  2217992 bytesVariable Size             494929912 bytesDatabase Buffers          339738624 bytesRedo Buffers2396160 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.

**** 参考文章:

https://blog.csdn.net/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892

https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597

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